Phenolic profiling reveals the metabolite basis of flesh colour and fresh-cut browning in apple fruit

Flesh colour, which is affected by cultivars and browning, can largely impact consumer acceptance in fresh-cut apples. The study profiled phenolic metabolites from apple flesh of twenty-three cultivars by widely targeted metabolomics. Comparison among white- and yellow-fleshed cultivars showed fifteen phenolics, mainly quercetin 3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, hesperetin 5-O-glucoside and cymaroside, in white-fleshed apples were significantly higher than those in yellow-fleshed apples. It may indicate a metabolite basis of yellow and white flesh colour, and better potential nutrition in white-fleshed apples. In addition, ten phenolic metabolites including five cyanidin glycosides showed significant differences between the highest and the lowest browning groups, indicating them may be crucial in browning of fresh-cut apple. This work elucidates the differences of phenolic profiles among apple cultivars with different flesh colour and provides useful data to evaluate the suitability of apple for fresh-cut processing.     

木片筛余物高得率半化学法清洁制浆技术研究

以太阳纸业备料车间木片筛选碎料（筛余物）为原料，对其烧碱法半化学制浆的实验室工艺和生产试验进行了研究。结果表明，筛余物采用半化学法制浆可获得较高得率和环压强度的纸浆，且用碱量对纸浆性能有显著影响。相对8%NaOH （相对于绝干原料）化学预处理，采用14%NaOH化学预处理结合两段浆浓22%的高浓磨浆工艺，所制半化学浆抄造浆张的裂断长和环压指数分别达2.89 km和9.76 N·m/g，是前者的1.9倍和1.2倍，而且优于现用国内OCC废纸浆抄造浆张；生产试验得到的浆张性能指标与实验室相吻合，其中紧度和环压强度分别达到GB/T 13023—2008瓦楞芯（原）纸AA级和A级优等品要求。     

The influence of brewing method on bioactive compounds residues in spent coffee grounds of different roasting degree and geographical origin

The content of bioactive compounds in spent coffee grounds (SGC) was studied. SGC were obtained from Coffea arabica beans of different roasting degrees (light and dark) and different geographical origins (Nicaragua, Columbia and Mexico) processed using four brewing methods (mocha, filtered, drip and infusion). The highest caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents were determined in filtered spent coffee extracts. All extracts of light roasted spent coffee grounds showed lower browning index levels in comparison to that from dark roasted spent coffee grounds. Generally, the highest content of total polyphenolic compounds and highest antioxidant capacity were determined in extracts prepared in drip. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study indicate that the spent coffee grounds produced of domestic levels, especially those obtained from filter coffeemaker, could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants.     

Moulded pulp products manufacturing with thermoforming

For an effective optimization of pulp thermoforming and of the moulded pulp products manufactured by this process, a full understanding of the process physics combined with full knowledge of the pressing equipment is necessary. For this reason, in this Addendum, we clarify how the process parameters “Holding time,” “Vacuum time,” “Cycle time,” and “Temperature” were interpreted and subsequently defined for the analysis of the process and product‐related outputs of the thermoforming experiments.     

Effect of processing method on vitamin profile,antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sugar syrup

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sugar is a more nutritious alternative sugar source as compared to sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). This work was aimed to investigate the browning index (BI), vitamin profile and antioxidant properties of coconut sap sugar syrups, which were produced by different processing methods: rotary evaporation (RE), microwave evaporation (ME) and open-heat evaporation (OHE). The results obtained showed that coconut sugar syrup produced by RE-60 contained high antioxidant activities [DPPH (36.71%) and ABTS (34.84%), TPC (299.87 mg per 100 g sample) and FRAP (3.74 mm )]. These values were slightly lower than those of ME and OHE. Coconut sugar syrup (RE-60) also contained higher amounts of vitamin C (1587.27 mg L⁻¹), vitamin B1 (97.44 mg L⁻¹) and vitamin B3 (19.84 mg L⁻¹) compared with those of ME and OHE coconut sugar syrups. RE-60 was the best method to produce coconut sugar syrup in a shorter time with lower browning index and higher vitamin contents.     

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl using Tamarindus indica extract: electrochemical,surface and spectroscopic studies

Abstract

We report, here, the corrosion inhibition of mild steel specimen in 1?M HCl by tamarind fruit pulp aqueous (TFPA) extract. The inhibition property in the presence of TFPA extract is studied using weight loss, polarization measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The inhibitor efficiency is found to vary from 74% to 88% (weight loss method) with TFPA concentration of 100–600?ppm. The reduction in Tafel slopes shows that TFPA acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface follows Langmuir isotherm. The standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption value of –40?kJ/mol suggests the chemisorption of inhibitor molecules via coordinate bond. AFM results exhibit a decrease in the surface roughness of mild steel, exposed to 1?M HCl from 299?±?12 to 154?±?6.6?nm, with increasing concentration of inhibitor from 0 to 600?ppm due to the uniform coverage of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy de-convoluted high resolution profiles of C 1?s (carbon) for mild steel exposed to 1?M HCl with 600?ppm inhibitor show major peaks corresponding to sp³ C–C/C–H (284.9?eV) and oxygen bondings in C–OH, C=O, COOH with a binding energy of 285.9, 286.9, 288.5?eV, respectively, thereby confirming the adsorption of organic moieties on mild steel surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further confirms the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. Therefore, tamarind fruit pulp extract is a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, which is cost-effective, green and non-toxic.     

Bond strength and adaptation of pulp capping materials to dentin

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and internal marginal adaptation of pulp‐capping materials to dentin. Flat occlusal deep dentin surfaces were produced and randomly assigned to two groups (sound or artificial caries‐affected dentin). The specimens in each group were assigned to one of seven subgroups according to the materials used: Biodentine, Theracal LC, Ultra‐Blend plus, Calcimol LC, ApaCal ART, EQUIA Forte, and Ionoseal. Buildups (3‐mm inner diameter and 2‐mm deep) were made over the dentin surfaces. The bonded specimens were tested under shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.8 mm/min and fracture modes were determined using a stereomicroscope at 25× magnification. The materials were applied to the pulp floor of prepared Class I cavities and then the cavities were restored with composite resin. Restored molar teeth were subjected to 5,000 thermocycles and sectioned in a bucco–lingual direction. Resin replicas were made to determine the adaptation at the pulp floor with scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were determined among both bond strengths and gap formations of the materials. EQUIA Forte applied to both dentin substrates had a significantly higher SBS than the other materials. The bond strength of each material was not influenced by the dentin condition. Biodentine (3.03%), EQUIA Forte (7.83%), and Theracal LC (13.37%) had lower gap formations compared to other materials but were not significantly different from each other.     

BDAS-I型在线矿浆浓度计的设计

矿浆浓度是选矿流程中各环节的重要指标参数,是工艺调控决策的重要依据。本文基于浓度壶测量原理,通过将简单可靠的浓度壶测量结构和测量过程流程化、自动化,设计了一套结构简单、测量稳定、测量精度优于1.5%的单流道在线浓度测量系统。配套代表性的取样器,BDAS-I型浓度计可灵活安装在搅拌桶、浮选机、矿浆槽、浓密机等测量点附近,满足浮选原、精、尾及中间流程矿浆的浓度测量需求。